ABOUT
LUTEIN
Lutein is
a natural pigment of the carotenoid family. It is widely found in nature,
mainly in vegetables and fruits. In the human body, Lutein is found
in tissues such as liver, pancreas, ovaries, testicles and in the macula,
lens and retina of the eye. Just like other carotenoids, Lutein
acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells against the damaging effects
of free radicals and/or as a filter in light sensitive tissues such as
the eye macula, lens and retina. Unlike ß-Carotene,
Lutein is not a Vitamin A precursor.

Chemical
structure of Lutein
Lutein is not made
in the human body and has to be obtained from food (preferably spinach,
kale, collard, broccoli, and peas). Nowadays, Lutein is becoming
an increasingly popular active ingredient used in the nutritional supplements
industry.
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LUTEIN
IN NATURE
Lutein in
nature is found mainly in vegetables. In general terms, Lutein
is found in the green parts of plants and it is an important component
of fruits, petals and some seeds. In the green parts of plants, in fruits
and in seeds, Lutein is found in its free form, meaning that it
does not have any other types of molecules attached to it. On the other
hand, Lutein found in flower petals is chemically bound to various
types of fatty acids. In these cases it is said that Lutein is esterified
and is commonly known as Lutein Ester.

Free
Lutein as found in vegetables, fruits or seeds.

Lutein
Ester found in flower petals
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LUTEIN
& ZEAXANTHIN CONTENT OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES

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LUTEIN
AS A NUTRACEUTICAL INGREDIENT
In the nutraceutical
industry there are several suppliers of Lutein, whether free or esterified.
Those suppliers offering products with a high concentration of Lutein
use marigold flower extracts as raw material. Other suppliers offer dehydrated
spinach or alfalfa meal as sources of Lutein. In general these products
offer a very low content (<0.5%) of Lutein.
In the nutraceutical market, Lutein is found in different presentations
such as tablets, hard gelatin capsules or soft gelatin capsules known
as "capsugel". Lutein is commonly blended with other
ingredients (vitamins, minerals, plant extracts, etc.), but there are
also presentations that contain only Lutein as a sole active ingredient.
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FREE
LUTEIN versus LUTEIN ESTER
Free Lutein and Lutein
Ester consumed as food and food supplements have similar bioavailability
as reported in several scientific studies on humans. These studies have
shown that Lutein Ester is equally absorbed as free Lutein by the body.
Lutein Ester is hydrolyzed in the digestive tract and converted into free
Lutein as it passes through the gut and then it is delivered to the blood
flow and to the different tissues where it is deposited such as the eye
macula 1, 2, 3.
In
fact some of the studies conducted to determine the effect of lutein supplementation
on the eye macula pigment showed that supplementation with Lutein Ester
produced an increase in the density of the macular pigment as well as
an increase in the concentration of lutein in blood serum.4

1 Herbst
S, Bowen P, Hussain E, Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Damayanti B, Burns J,
"Evaluation of the bioavailability of Lutein (L) and Lutein ester
(LD) in humans" The FASEB Journal, 1997;11:2587(Abstr.)
2Castenmiller J.J.M., West C.E., "Bioavailability and Bioconversion
of carotenoids" Annu. Rev.Nutr.1998, 18:19-38
3Granado, F., Olmedilla, B., Gil-Martínez E., Blanco I., "Lutein
ester in serum after lutein supplementation in human subjects" British
Journal of Nutrition, 1998, 80:445-449.
4Landrum, J.T., Bone, R.A., Joa, H.,Kilburn, M.D., Moore L., Sprague,
K., "A one year study of the macular Pigment: The effect of 140 days
of a lutein supplement" Exp. Eye. Res., 1997; 65, 57-62
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1.
ABOUT LUTEIN/ 2. LUTEIN IN NATURE/ 3.
LUTEIN & ZEAXANTHIN CONTENT OF SOME FRUITS AND VEGETABLES/ 4.
LUTEIN AS A NUTRACEUTICAL INGREDIENT/ 5. FREE LUTEIN
versus LUTEIN ESTER/ HEALTH BENEFITS.
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